Volume_4_Issue_1_Digest

12 TPC D igest that the first author did the following: offered empathy to the participants, emphasized the lived experience of the participants and not her own, and maintained the trustworthiness needed to sup- port the essence of the study, while also reporting the findings. Reflexive journaling, or the pro- cess of writing thoughts and reflecting on them in order to stay abreast of the purpose and goal of the research, was used to ensure trustworthiness. Utilizing the description-reduction-interpretation model for analyzing phenomenological research data revealed four themes: self-affirmation, self-awareness, coping with invisibility, and strategies for effectively counseling African-American males. Participant dialogue was used throughout the findings section to provide firsthand accounts of the participants’ lived experi- ences. Recommendations for counseling African-American males, future research, and a synopsis of the article provide opportunities for counselors working with African-American male popula- tions. Full article and references: Dowden, A. R., Gunby, J. D., Warren, J. M., & Boston, Q. (2014). A phenomenological analysis of invisibility among African-American males: Implications for clinical practice and client retention. The Professional Counselor , 4 , 58–70. doi:10.15241/ard.4.1.58 The Professional Counselor DIGEST Volume 4, Issue 1 http://tpcjournal.nbcc.org © 2014 NBCC, Inc. and Affiliates