Volume_4_Issue_4_Digest

68 TPC D igest and social support. To test our main hypothesis—that SES predicted counseling outcomes—we used hierarchical regression. The SES variables predicted significant variance in OQ posttest scores after accounting for OQ pretest scores. Entering client motivation, treatment expectancy and social support into the next step of the hierarchical regression did not significantly predict additional variance. The following two SES variables individually predicted outcome: education level and health insurance status. Each additional level of education accounted for a 3.6-point reduction in posttest OQ, while clients who had health insurance reported an average 8.7 OQ points greater positive change than those who did not have insurance. Access to education and health insurance may provide positive external resources that allow clients to focus on the internal work of change in counseling. The Professional Counselor DIGEST Volume 4, Issue 4 http://tpcjournal.nbcc.org © 2014 NBCC, Inc. and Affiliates Full article and references: Hawley, L. D., Leibert, T. W., & Lane, J. A. (2014). The relationship between socioeconomic status and counseling outcomes. The Professional Counselor , 4 , 390–403. doi:10.15241/ldh.4.4.390