TPC-Journal-V3-Issue2

64 The Professional Counselor \Volume 3, Issue 2 A second area that warrants further empirical support is the impact of a person’s multicultural background on the emergence of particular archetypes. An investigation of this nature could increase understanding of multicultural issues related to the clients that counselors serve. In addition, this research would help professional counselors examine their own personal experience with the presented archetypes. This personal awareness could create a greater capacity for acceptance of the archetypes in a client’s life. A final area for future research includes a closer examination of the norms and mores governing the occurrence of the emergent archetypes. Participants described the influence of societal values on the occurrence of particular behaviors. These societal values were often described as originating within institutions (e.g., postsecondary institutions), religion, social media, and clinical diagnosis. Understanding the manner in which individuals are influenced to think and act in a certain way could increase awareness of behavior and cognition. In conclusion, this research represents an attempt to develop an initial understanding of unconscious archetypes that underlie the phenomenon of altruism–self-interest (Flynn & Black, 2011). The results of all four data collection points revealed three emergent archetypes that symbolize common human collectives. The three collectives are the endocentric altruist, the exocentric altruist, and the psychological egoist. These archetypes are unconscious structures that symbolize the underlying behavior related to the phenomenon of altruism–self- interest. Our hope was to encourage professional counselors to understand that all humans possess unconscious collectives that encourage a range of behavior within a particular context. This understanding holds promise for inspiring greater ranges of acceptance, genuineness and congruence. References American Counseling Association (ACA). (2005). ACA Code of ethics . Alexandria, VA: Author. Baker, J. G., & Baker, D. F. (1999). Perceived ideological, job satisfaction and organizational commitment among psychiatrists in a community mental health center. Community Mental Health Journal , 35 , 85–95. Bernard, J. M. (2006). Counselor education and counseling psychology: Where are the jobs? Counselor Education & Supervision , 46 , 68–80. Ben-Dror, R. (1994). Employee turnover in community mental health organization: A developmental stages study. Community Mental Health Journal , 30 , 243–257. Bishop, L. (2000). In defense of altruism: Inadequacies of Ayn Rand’s ethics and psychological egoism . New Orleans, LA: University Press of the South. Bond, E. J. (1996). Ethics and human well-being . Oxford, England: Blackwell. Bruner, J. (1985). Narrative and paradigmatic modes of thought. In E. Eisner (Ed.), Learning and teaching the ways of knowing (pp. 97–115). Chicago, IL: NSSE. Comte, A. (2001). System of positive polity . In J. H. Bridges (Ed. & Trans.), System of positive polity (pp. 1–100). Bristol, England: Thoemmes. (Original work published 1875) Corti, L., Witzel, A, & Bishop, L. (Eds.), (2005). Secondary analysis of qualitative data. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 6. Retrieved from http://qualitative-research.net/index.php/ fqs/issue/view/13 Denzin, N. K. (1970). The research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods. New York, NY: Aldine. Eisner, E. W. (1991). The enlightened eye: Qualitative inquiry and the enhancement of educational practice. Toronto: Collier Macmillan Canada. Flynn, S. V. (2009). A grounded theory of the altruism and self-interest phenomenon within the counseling profession (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Database. (AAT 3378221) Flynn, S. V., & Black, L. L. (2011). An emergent theory of altruism and self-interest. Journal of Counseling & Development , 89 , 459–470.