TPC-Journal-V5-Issue1

The Professional Counselor /Volume 5, Issue 1 173 In summary, we found general agreement among a supervisor, CITs and clients about what was meaningful in the counseling events examined in this study. We did find some differences in how they experienced the events given their roles. We purposely approached the findings through a supervisor’s lens, which allowed us to discuss implications for supervision. Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research There are limitations to this study that are important to mention. We chose examples for each theme to illustrate a meaningful event as seen by the observer, and described them from each of the three perspectives of the supervisor, client and CIT. As such, the similarities and differences among the three perspectives on the chosen events cannot be generalized to the other meaningful events within those same themes. Also, the study was conducted in one particular clinic, which is associated with a counselor education program that has its own training and style preferences that may not be representative of other counselor education programs and their supervisors. Future research concerning multiple perspectives on meaningful events in counseling sessions can further our understanding of the counseling process. It would be useful to replicate this study across a variety of settings and populations. Finally, using a quantitative or mixed-methods research methodology to examine multiple perspectives on the process would likely provide new, helpful information for supervisors. Conflict of Interest and Funding Disclosure The authors reported no conflict of interest or funding contributions for the development of this manuscript. References Anfara, V. A., Jr., Brown, K. M., & Mangione, T. L. (2002). Qualitative analysis on stage: Making the research process more public. Educational Researcher , 31 (7), 28–38. doi:10.3102/0013189X031007028 Bennun, I., Hahlweg, K., Schindler, L., & Langlotz, M. (1986). Therapist’s and client’s perceptions in behaviour therapy: The development and cross-cultural analysis of an assessment instrument. British Journal of Medical Psychology , 25 , 275–283. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1986.tb00707.x Blow, A. J., Morrison, N. C., Tamaren, K., Wright, K., Schaafsma, M., & Nadaud, A. (2009). Change processes in couple therapy: An intensive case analysis of one couple using a common factors lens. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy , 35 , 350–368. doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2009.00122.x Bowman, L., & Fine, M. (2000). Client perceptions of couples therapy: Helpful and unhelpful aspects. American Journal of Family Therapy , 28 , 295–310. doi:10.1080/019261800437874 Elliott, R., & James, E. (1989). Varieties of client experience in psychotherapy: An analysis of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review , 9 , 443–467. doi:10.1016/0272-7358(89)90003-2 Elliott, R., & Shapiro, D. A. (1992). Client and therapist analysts of significant events. In S. G. Toukmanian & D. L. Rennie (Eds.), Psychotherapy process research: Paradigmatic and narrative approaches (pp. 163–186). Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (2011). Writing ethnographic fieldnotes (2nd ed.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Getz, H. G. (1999). Assessment of clinical supervisor competencies. Journal of Counseling & Development , 77 , 491–497. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1999.tb02477.x