TPC-Journal-V5-Issue1

The Professional Counselor /Volume 5, Issue 1 37 Conclusion A lack of clarity remains around the issue of intense emotional experiences in the counseling situation, which often includes crying or tearing up to some degree, as well as a lack of training in counselor education programs to deal with such situations. This study employed methods adopted from the phenomenological research tradition to generate data with which to interpret the crying event. The phenomenological method served as a starting point for exploration, and through this investigation, a rich description of the textural and structural aspects of each counselor’s experience was developed, as well as a final synthesized description of each participant’s unique set of circumstances. The findings of this investigation may prove useful for counseling faculty, supervisors, counselors and other mental health professionals. Conflict of Interest and Funding Disclosure The author reported no conflict of interest or funding contributions for the development of this manuscript. References Ashworth, P. D. (2003). The phenomenology of the lifeworld and social psychology. Social Psychological Review , 5 , 18–34. Bennett-Goleman, T. (2001). Emotional alchemy: How the mind can heal the heart . New York, NY: Three Rivers Press. Corey, G. (2001). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Cornelius, R. R. (1981). Weeping as social interaction: The interpersonal logic of the moist eye. Dissertation Abstracts International , 42 (8), 3491B–3492B. Counselman, E. F. (1997). Self-disclosure, tears, and the dying client. Psychotherapy , 34 , 233–237. Creswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Curtis, R., Matise, M., & Glass, S. (2003). Counseling students’ views and concerns about weeping with clients: A pilot study. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research , 3 , 300–306. doi:10.1080/14733140312331384303 Darwin, C. (1872). The expression of the emotions in man and animals . London, England: Murray. Davis, W. E. (1990). Crying it out: The role of tears in stress and coping of college students (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Colorado, Boulder, CO. Efran, J. S., & Spangler, T. J. (1979). Why grown-ups cry: A two-factor theory and evidence from The Miracle Worker . Motivation and Emotion , 3 , 63–72. Frey, W. H., II, Desota-Johnson, D., Hoffman, C., & McCall, J. T. (1981). Effect of stimulus on the chemical composition of human tears. American Journal of Ophthalmology , 92, 559–567. doi:10.1016/0002-9394(81)90651-6 Giorgi, A., & Giorgi, B. (2008). Phenomenology. In J. A. Smith (Ed.), Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods (2nd ed., pp. 26–52). London, England: Sage. Hill, C. E., Mahalik, J. R., & Thompson, B. J. (1989). Therapist self-disclosure. Psychotherapy , 26 , 290–295. doi:10.1037/ h0085438 Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., Plas, J. M., & Wallston, B. S. (1986). Tears and weeping among professional women: In search of new understanding. Psychology of Women Quarterly , 10 , 19–34. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1986.tb00734.x Horvath, A. O. (2001). The alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training , 38 , 365–372. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.38.4.365 Lambert, M. J., & Cattani-Thompson, K. (1996). Current findings regarding the effectiveness of counseling: Implications for practice. Journal of Counseling and Development , 74 , 601–608. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1996.tb02299.x Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry . Newbury Park, CA: Sage.