TPC-Journal-V5-Issue2

The Professional Counselor /Volume 5, Issue 2 233 A major purpose of this article is to educate counselors about the impact of trauma in early childhood and advocate for appropriate assessment and treatment of these traumatic exposures. While not all counselors choose to work with this vulnerable population, they often work with clients who have extended families with young children. Counselors who work with adult clients can provide psychoeducation about this important issue and initiate referrals to counselors trained to work with early childhood trauma. There is a body of information about trauma in early childhood available for further review. Sources include the National Child Traumatic Stress Network ( nctsnet.org ), the California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare ( cebc4cw.org ), and the Association for Child and Adolescent Counseling ( acachild.com ). Counselors interested in learning more about this issue can review these online resources. Conflict of Interest and Funding Disclosure The authors reported no conflict of interest or funding contributions for the development of this manuscript. References Administration on Children, Youth, & Families. (2003). Child maltreatment 2001 . Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. Retrieved from http://archive.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/pubs/cm01/cm01.pdf American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: Author. American Psychological Association Presidential Task Force on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Trauma in Children and Adolescents. (2008). Children and trauma: Update for mental health professionals . American Psychological Association. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/pi/families/resources/update.pdf Anda, R., Tietjen, G., Schulman, E., Felitti, V., & Croft, J. (2010). Adverse childhood experiences and frequent headaches in adults. Headache , 5 , 1473–81. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2010.01756.x Anderson, S. M., & Gedo, P. M. (2013). Relational trauma: Using play therapy to treat a disrupted attachment. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic , 77 , 250–268. doi:10.1521/bumc.2013.77.3.250 Arseneault, L., Cannon, M., Fisher, H. L., Polanczyk, G., Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2011). Childhood trauma and children’s emerging psychotic symptoms: A genetically sensitive longitudinal cohort study. The American Journal of Psychiatry , 168 , 65–72. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10040567 Aspelmeier, J. E., Elliot, A. N., & Smith, C. H. (2007). Childhood sexual abuse, attachment, and trauma symptoms in college females: The moderating role of attachment. Child Abuse & Neglect , 31 , 549–566. Bendall, S., Jackson, H. J., Hulbert, C. A., & McGorry, P. D. (2008). Childhood trauma and psychotic disorders: A systematic, critical review of the evidence. Schizophrenia Bulletin , 34 , 568–579. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbm121 BigFoot, D. S., & Schmidt, S. R. (2007). Honoring children, mending the circle . Retrieved from http://www.icctc.org / HC%20MC%20NICWA%202007-no%20pics.pdf BigFoot, D. S., & Schmidt, S. R. (2010). Honoring children, mending the circle: Cultural adaptation of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for American Indian and Alaska native children. Journal of Clinical Psychology , 68 , 847–856. doi:10.1002/jclp.20707 Blodgett, C. (2012). Adopting ACEs screening and assessment in child serving systems. Retrieved from http://extension. wsu.edu/ahec/trauma/Documents/ACE%20Screening%20and%20Assessment%20in%20Child%20Serving%20 Systems%207-12%20final.pdf Briggs-Gowan, M. J., Carter, A. S., Clark, R., Augustyn, M., McCarthy, K. J., & Ford, J. D. (2010). Exposure to potentially traumatic events in early childhood: Differential links to emergent psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 51 , 1132–1140. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02256.x Briggs-Gowan, M. J., Carter, A. S., & Ford, J. D. (2011). Parsing the effects violence exposure in early childhood: Modeling developmental pathways. Journal of Pediatric Psychology , 37 , 11–22. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsr063