TPC-Journal-V5-Issue3

The Professional Counselor /Volume 5, Issue 3 424 Table 1 Language Group Differences: Means, Standard Deviations and Ranges Dependent Variable Bilingual/Monolingual N M SD Range Min. Max. MCCTS-R Knowledge Bilingual 71 49.63 11.48 19 76 Monolingual 107 46.71 12.49 22 76 MCCTS-R Awareness Bilingual 71 29.42 4.57 9 36 Monolingual 107 27.93 4.61 16 36 A multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and a series of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) procedures were used to address the research question. With the MANCOVA, ethnicity and multicultural training were used as covariates to control for the possibility that differences in multicultural knowledge and awareness between bilingual and monolingual individuals were a function of ethnic differences or multicultural training rather than differences in bilingual status. Results of the MANCOVA revealed a significant main effect for bilingualism (Wilk’s Λ = .955, F (2, 173) = 4.065, multivariate η 2 = .045, p < .019). This finding indicates that the combination of self- report multicultural knowledge and awareness differed as a function of bilingualism, with bilingual participants self-rating their multicultural knowledge and awareness higher than non-bilingual participants. To disaggregate the MCCTS-R subscales, follow-up ANCOVAs were conducted. The results of the ANCOVAs (see Table 2) supported the hypothesis as well. While controlling for ethnicity and multicultural training, bilingual individuals self-rated their multicultural knowledge ( F (1, 174) = 4.401, p = .037, η p 2 = .025) and multicultural awareness ( F (1, 174) = 7.847, p = .006, η p 2 = .043) higher than did monolingual counseling students. Table 2 ANCOVA Results for Bilingualism Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. MCCTS-R Knowledge Between 626.217 1 626.217 4.401 .037 * Within 24760.409 174 142.301 Corrected Total 26119.671 177 MCCTS-R Awareness Between 162.258 1 162.258 7.847 .006 ** Within 3598.004 174 20.678 Total 3805.693 177 ** p < .01 * p < .05