TPC-Journal-V5-Issue4

The Professional Counselor /Volume 5, Issue 4 512 coming out is implied in existing frameworks, it is not emphasized. Counselors should acknowledge the recurring cycle in an effort to better assist sexual minority clients (ALGBTIC, 2013; HRC, 2013). Future research is needed in order to emphasize the cycle of coming out rather than a linear, simplistic and unrealistic process. Additionally, effective clinical methods that consider the cycle of coming out as influential should be included in mental health counselor training in order to better assist minority clients in counseling. Conflict of Interest and Funding Disclosure The authors reported no conflict of interest or funding contributions for the development of this manuscript. References Alderson, K. G. (2003). The ecological model of gay male identity. Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality ,  12 , 75–85. Almeida, J., Johnson, R. M., Corliss, H. L., Molnar, B. E., & Azrael, D. (2009). Emotional distress among LGBT youth: The influence of perceived discrimination based on sexual orientation.  Journal of Youth and Adolescence ,  38 , 1001–1014. doi:10.1007/s10964-009-9397-9 American Counseling Association. (2014). ACA code of ethics. Alexandria, VA: Author. American Mental Health Counselors Association. (2010). AMHCA code of ethics. Alexandria, VA: Author. Association of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Issues in Counseling. (2013). Association for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Issues in Counseling competencies for counseling with lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, questioning, intersex,and ally individuals . Alexandria, VA: Author. Baptist, J. A., & Allen, K. R. (2008). A family’s coming out process: Systemic change and multiple realities. Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal ,  30 , 92–110. doi:10.1007/s10591-008-9057-3 Berger, R. M. (1990). Passing: Impact on the quality of same-sex couple relationships. Social Work , 35 , 328–332. doi:10.1093/sw/35.4.328 Bernal, A. T., & Coolhart, D. (2005). Learning from sexual minorities: Adolescents and the coming out process.  Guidance &Counselling , 20 , 128–138. Bidell, M. P. (2005). The Sexual Orientation Counselor Competency Scale: Assessing attitudes, skills, and knowledge of counselors working with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. Counselor Education & Supervision , 44 , 267–279. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.2005.tb01755.x Cass, V. C. (1979). Homosexual identity formation: A theoretical model.  Journal of Homosexuality ,  4 , 219–235.  Cass, V. C. (1984). Homosexuality identity formation: Testing a theoretical model. The Journal of Sex Research , 20 , 143–167. doi:10.1080/00224498409551214 Chapman, B. E., & Brannock, J. C. (1987). Proposed model of lesbian identity development: An empirical examination.  Journal of Homosexuality ,  14 , 69–80. doi:10.1300/J082v14n03_05 Chutter, K. (2007). Opening our awareness to heterosexist and homophobic attitudes in society. Relational Child and Youth Care Practice ,  20 (3), 22–27. Coker, T. R., Austin, S. B., & Schuster, M. A. (2010). The health and health care of lesbian, gay, and bisexual adolescents. Annual Review of Public Health , 457–477. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.012809.103636 Coleman, E. (1982). Developmental stages of the coming out process.  Journal of Homosexuality , 7 (2–3) , 31–43. doi:10.1300/J082v07n02_06 Cooper, L. (2008). On the other side: Supporting sexual minority students. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling , 36 (4), 425–440. Cox, N., Dewaele, A., Van Houtte, M., & Vincke, J. (2011). Stress-related growth, coming out, and internalized homonegativity in lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. An examination of stress-related growth within the minority stress model.  Journal of Homosexuality ,  58 , 117–137. doi:10.1080/00918369.2011.533631