TPC-Journal-V6-Issue1

The Professional Counselor /Volume 6, Issue 1 92 REBT and Non-Cognitive Factors Many factors are critical to K–12 student achievement and postsecondary success. This section presents the NCFs Sedlacek (2004) identified as most valuable in predicting educational outcomes, especially for underrepresented students. These factors include: (a) positive self-concept, (b) realistic self-appraisal, (c) leadership experience, (d) preference for long-term goals, (e) successfully handling the system, (f) availability of strong support person, (g) community involvement, and (h) knowledge in an acquired field. Theoretical and empirical evidence demonstrates how REBT directly and indirectly promotes these factors (see Table 2). Given the role school counselors play in fostering college and career readiness for all students, this evidence may serve as a catalyst for delivering services rooted in REBT. Table 2 Empirical Support for REBT as an Intervention that Promotes NCFs Non-Cognitive Factor Researcher(s) Outcome of Study Positive Self-Concept Donegan & Rust (1998) Increases in SC Sapp et al. (1995) Increases in SC and A Sava et al. (2011) Relationship between SE & SD Realistic Self-Appraisal Warren (2010) Relationship between EB & IB Warren & Dowden (2012) Relationship between EB & IB Davies (2008) Causal link between USA & IB Leadership Experience Woods (1987) Reduction in discomfort & IB/ increases in assertiveness Filippello et al. (2014) Relationship between LFT & distress when assertive Preference for Long-Term Goals Harrington (2005a, b) LFT predicts procrastination & self-control Morley (2014) HFT associated with optimism, preferences, acceptance Handling the System Sapp (1996) School success Availability of Strong Support   Wood (2004) Increases in autonomy & control Chamberlain & Haaga (2001) Relationship between USA & anxiety   Community Involvement Ayodele (2011) Increased IP behaviors Nicastro et al. (1999) IB related to lack of community Knowledge in an Acquired Field Harrington (2005b) LFT predicts procrastination Balkis (2013) RB mediated procrastination & achievement Note: A=Achievement, EB=Efficacy Beliefs, HFT=High Frustration Tolerance, IB=Irrational Beliefs, IP=Interpersonal, LFT=Low Frustration Tolerance, RB=Rational Beliefs, SC=Self-Concept, SD=Self-Downing, SE=Self-Esteem, USA=Unconditional Self-Acceptance.