TPC Journal-Vol 11-Issue-1

54 The Professional Counselor | Volume 11, Issue 1 strategies were tested for mediating roles. Results indicated that PsyCap affected well-being both directly and indirectly through coping strategies. Optimism had a significant indirect effect on change in well-being compared to hope and resilience (see Table 3). Among adaptive coping strategies, active coping , positive reframing , and using emotional support mediated the relationship between optimism and overall well-being. Interestingly, using emotional support also showed a similar mediating link between resilience and PERMA, but not for the factors of loneliness and negative emotion . On the other hand, self-blame and behavioral disengagement were two problematic coping strategies that mediated the relationship between optimism and all PERMA elements. Specifically, we found coping through self-blame playing a mediating role between PERMA factors and two of the HERO dimensions— resilience and hope . Table 3 Indirect Effect of Psychological Capital on PERMA Factors Through Coping Strategies (Mediators) Standardized Beta (β, Indirect effect ) L H N A M R E P Active Coping Ф Optimism -.016 * .043 ** -.017 * .06 ** .052 ** .037 ** .052 ** .044 ** Resilience -.005 .014 -.006 .02 .017 .012 .017 .015 Hope -.007 .018 - .007 .025 .022 .015 .022 .018 Self-Efficacy -.009 .025 -.01 .034 .03 .021 .03 .025 Positive Reframing Ф Optimism -.047 ** .06 ** -.05 ** .085 ** .088 ** .07 ** .094 ** .096 ** Resilience -.005 .007 -.006 .01 .01 .008 .011 .011 Hope .003 -.003 .003 -.005 -.005 -.004 -.005 -.005 Self-Efficacy -.005 .006 -.005 .009 .009 .007 .01 .01 Using Emotional Support Ф Optimism -.007 .02 * .012 .03 * .049 ** .086 ** .029 * .032 ** Resilience .003 -.012 -.005 -.013 * -.021 * -.037 * -.012 * -.014 * Hope 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Self-Efficacy - .001 .006 .002 .006 .01 .018 .006 .007 Self-Blame Ф Optimism -.038 ** .043 ** -.056 ** .07 ** .07 ** .056 ** .054 ** .065 ** Resilience -.03 ** .034 ** -.044 ** .055 ** .055 ** .044 ** .042 ** .051 ** Hope -.023 * .025 * -.033 * .042 * .041 * .033 * .032 * .038 ** Self-Efficacy -.005 .006 - .007 .009 .009 .007 .007 .008 Behavioral Disengagement Ф Optimism -.07 ** .067 ** -.081 ** .113 ** .118 ** .104 ** .097 ** .112 ** Resilience -.02 .02 -.023 .033 .034 .03 .028 .033 Hope -.032 .03 -.036 .051 .053 .047 .044 .051 Self-Efficacy -.009 .009 -.011 .015 .016 .014 .013 .015 Note . Coping strategies with insignificant mediating role are not included in the table. P = Positive Emotion, E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, L = Loneliness. Ф Mediator coping strategies. * p < .05, ** p < .01 PsyCap