TPC Journal Volume 11 Issue 2

202 The Professional Counselor | Volume 11, Issue 2 Appendix Resources and Ideas for School Counselors Developing Multicultural Awareness Self-examination and self-assessment • Self-reflection, journaling (Singh, 2019), seeking supervision, or consultation with peers • Formal assessment tools • School Counseling Multicultural Self-Efficacy Scale (SCMES; Holcomb-McCoy et al., 2008) • Multicultural School Counseling Behavior Scale (MSCBS; Greene, 2018) • Multicultural Awareness, Knowledge, and Skills Survey-Counselor Edition (MAKSS-CE; Kim et al., 2003) Building knowledge of traumatic stressors and their impact • Impact of primarily White environments on Black youth, such as stereotypes, microaggressions, and assumptions of deviance aimed at Black boys (Henfield, 2011) • Importance of helping young Black males to develop a positive racial identity and agency to recognize and navigate discriminatory experiences (Jernigan & Daniel, 2011) • Impact of exposure to community violence on reported PTSD symptoms (J. R. Smith & Patton, 2016) • Access to resources (e.g., community, school, and intrapersonal resources) leading to decreases in behavioral health needs (Accomazzo et al., 2015) Fostering a nurturing school environment • Link students to out-of-school sports, community, and mentoring programs (Graham et al., 2017) • Increase sense of belonging within the school (Shi & Goings, 2017) • Increase levels of school connectedness (Carney et al., 2017) • Foster resilience through tapping into students’ aspirational and social capital (Williams et al., 2015) • Bridge gaps between cultural groups through interventions with all stakeholders (Bell & Van Velsor, 2017) • Promote interethnic friendships in students to combat prejudice and racism (Pica-Smith & Poynton, 2014) Assessment and intervention tools for use with students • Universal screening of trauma and behavioral health in schools (Belser et al., 2016; Reinbergs & Fefer, 2018) • Programming that promotes adaptive coping and self-expression (Graham et al., 2017) • Forgiveness interventions (Baskin et al., 2015) • Socially relevant and empowering messages in hip-hop lyrics (Levy et al., 2018; Washington, 2018) • Culturally affirming bibliotherapy (Stewart & Ames, 2014) • Play therapy (Patterson et al., 2018)