392 The Professional Counselor | Volume 11, Issue 4 Table 4 Logistic Regression Model Predicting STEM Major Attainment and Persistence Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Predictor β SE OR (CI) β SE OR (CI) β SE OR (CI) FGCS −0.15 0.12 0.86 (0.68–1.10) −0.16 0.15 0.86 (0.64–1.14) −0.26 0.14 0.77 (0.59–1.02) Race / Ethnicity American Indian or Alaskan Native −0.45 0.85 0.64 (0.12–3.44) −0.13 1.01 0.88 (0.12–6.34) −0.13 1.15 0.87 (0.09–8.48) Asian 0.91*** 0.21 2.48 (1.65–3.73) 0.89*** 0.24 2.45 (1.52–3.94) 0.92** 0.27 2.50 (1.48–4.23) Black (African American) −0.09 0.17 0.92 (0.65–1.29) 0.22 0.22 1.24 (0.81–1.91) 0.23 0.24 1.26 (0.78–2.04) Hispanic 0.11 0.15 1.12 (0.83−1.51) 0.38* 0.18 1.46 (1.02–2.08) 0.44* 0.19 1.56 (1.07–2.28) More than one race −0.05 0.15 0.95 (0.71–1.28) 0.09 0.17 1.10 (0.78–1.55) 0.13 0.19 1.14 (0.78–1.65) Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander 0.67 0.81 1.97 (0.40–9.65) 0.58 0.82 1.78 (0.35–9.03) 0.51 1.00 1.67 (0.23–12.05) Sex −0.94*** 0.10 0.39 (0.32–0.48) −0.93*** 0.11 0.39 (0.32–0.49) −0.94*** 0.12 0.39 (0.31–0.50) SES 0.22** 0.08 1.25 (1.06–1.46) 0.07 0.10 1.07 (0.89–1.30) 0.01 0.09 1.01 (0.85–1.21) Math self-efficacy 0.27*** 0.06 1.31 (1.17–1.47) 0.27*** 0.07 1.31 (1.16–1.49) Science self-efficacy 0.26*** 0.07 1.30 (1.14–1.47) 0.26*** 0.07 1.30 (1.13–1.50) STEM GPA −0.64*** 0.13 0.86 (0.64–1.14) −0.65*** 0.14 0.52 (0.40–0.68) School counselor caseload 0.00 0.00 1.00 (1.01–1.65) Percentage of time spent on college-readiness counseling 0.26* 0.12 1.29 (1.01–1.65) Note. Model 1 = person inputs and background environmental influences (first-generation college student [FGCS], race/ ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status [SES]), without any controls; Model 2 = person inputs and background environmental influences, and self-efficacy variables (math self-efficacy, science self-efficacy, and STEM grade point average [GPA]); Model 3 = person inputs and background environmental influences, self-efficacy variables, and proximal environmental influences (school counselor caseload and percentage of time spent on college-readiness counseling). Reference categories: FGCS = non-FGCS; Sex = male; Race/ethnicity = White; STEM GPA = 3.0–4.0; Percentage of time spent on college-readiness counseling = less than 21%. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.
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