The Professional Counselor | Volume 13, Issue 1 45 Anxiety Attachment scale. The ECR-RS has been normed on the college-age population, and Varghese and Pistole (2017) demonstrated the usefulness of this instrument with college students. Data Analyses SPSS (Version 27) was used to analyze the data. We first examined the data for missing values that are common in survey research and utilized D. A. Bennett’s (2001) recommendation for deleting cases that had 10% of the data missing. For data that were missing at random, these data were replaced using group means for any item that had 15% or less of the cases missing as a way of maintaining the sample size without threatening the validity of the results (George & Mallery, 2010). Descriptive statistics and reliability estimates for all the scales of the sample were calculated to check for errors, statistical assumptions, and violations, and to describe the data distribution. We utilized the guide that a distribution could be approximated to normal if the skewness value was less than or equal to plus or minus two [≤ ±2] (Garson, 2012). The skewness and kurtosis values for all but the UCLA Loneliness Scale were less than plus or minus two (< ±2), indicating approximately normal distribution (George & Mallery, 2010). It should be noted that the mean, median, and mode for the loneliness measure were similar (47.46), suggesting a fairly normal distribution. Scores were, however, negatively skewed. The data revealed that 15.8% of students scored in the high range for loneliness levels (40–60) and 53.8% were in the very high range (≥ 61). Collinearity statistics were in the acceptable range and met the assumptions for multicollinearity. The means and standard deviation, as well as correlations for the main variables from the SSES, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Anxiety Attachment and Avoidance Attachment subscales, are presented in Table 1. We used Pearson’s correlation to answer the first research question and regression analyses were used for the other research questions and hypothesis. Table 1 Pearson Correlations of Study Variables With Means and Standard Deviation Variables 1 2 3 4 M SD 1. Loneliness --- .465** .581** −.440** 47.46 11.86 2. Avoid Attach --- .554** −.168** 2.30 1.08 3. Anx Attach --- −.212** 3.40 1.62 4. SSE --- 19.03 3.55 Note. Avoid Attach = Avoidant Attachment, Anx Attach = Anxious Attachment, SSE = Social Self-Efficacy. **p < .01. Results Correlational Analysis Pearson correlations were computed to answer the first research question: What is the relationship between social self-efficacy, loneliness, and the types of insecure attachment? The results of the Pearson
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy NDU5MTM1