The Professional Counselor | Volume 13, Issue 3 260 Journal and Author Research Design Participants Data Collection Topic International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling (IJAC) Akkurt et al. (2018) Quantitative (Moderation analysis) 71 counseling master’s and doctoral students Online survey Relationships between acculturation, counselor self-efficacy, supervisory working alliance, and role ambiguity moderated by frequency of multicultural discussion Interiano & Lim (2018) Qualitative (Interpretive phenomenology) 8 foreign-born doctoral students Semi-structured interview Influence of acculturation on ICSs’ professional development Lertora & Croffie (2020) Qualitative (Phenomenology) 6 counseling master’s students Demographics survey, focus group, and semistructured interview Lived experiences of master’s-level ICSs in counseling program, including challenges and support, cultural differences, and future career paths C. Li et al. (2018) Quantitative (Linear regression analysis) 72 counseling master’s and doctoral students Online survey Influence of acculturation and foreign language anxiety on ICSs’ counseling self-efficacy Ng & Smith (2009) Quantitative (F-tests) 56 international counseling students 82 domestic counseling students Survey Perceived barriers and concerns of ICSs in their training compared to domestic counseling students Ng & Smith (2012) Quantitative (Hierarchical regression analysis) 71 counseling master’s and doctoral students Online survey Relationships among ICSs’ training level, acculturation, counselor self-efficacy, supervisory working alliance, role ambiguity, and multicultural discussion Smith & Ng (2009) Mixed methods (Descriptive analysis, constant comparative method of analysis, and phenomenology) 11 master’s students and 10 doctoral students (including 7 recent graduates) Online survey ICSs’ experiences, resources, hindrances, and recommendations regarding multicultural counseling training Journal of Counselor Leadership and Advocacy (JCLA) Kuo et al. (2018) Qualitative (Consensual qualitative research) 13 doctoral students Semi-structured interview ICSs’ professional identity development influenced by their multicultural identity and experience Note. ICS = international counseling student.
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