416 The Professional Counselor | Volume 13, Issue 4 practices for helping clients heal from microaggressive experiences, and appropriate supervision and educational interventions to prepare counselors and counselors-in-training to work with PWD who have experienced ableist microaggressions. Conclusion The results of our study add to the paucity of research specific to ableist microaggressions, particularly with respect to visibility of disability and other nondominant sociocultural identities of PWD. Like other studies, we found high average scores in all domains, and that visibility of disability resulted in higher AMS scores and impacted the type of ableist microaggressions experienced. Although the sociocultural identities we examined did not predict the lifetime experiences of ableist microaggressions, we found race/ethnicity, education level, and employment status are predictive of Minimization ableist microaggressions for POC, those with graduate degrees, and PWD who are employed full time. We offered that all counseling professionals—counselors, counselors-in-training, counselor educators, and supervisors—must attend to disability microaggressions regularly within their professional roles and specifically, we urged researchers to increase their attention to ableist microaggression research. Together, we can reduce ableist microaggressions and eventually increase access for PWD within professional counseling. Conflict of Interest and Funding Disclosure The authors reported no conflict of interest or funding contributions for the development of this manuscript. References Andreou, E., Psyllou, A., Vlachou, A., Fyssa, A., & Saridaki, M. (2021). Microaggressions and psychosocial adjustment among Greek university students with disabilities. Education Sciences, 11(12), 781–799. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11120781 Capodilupo, C. M., Nadal, K. L., Corman, L., Hamit, S., Lyons, O. B., & Weinberg, A. (2010). The manifestation of gender microaggressions. In D. W. Sue (Ed.), Microaggressions and marginality: Manifestation, dynamics, and impact (pp. 193–216). Wiley. Chapin, M., McCarthy, H., Shaw, L., Bradham-Cousar, M., Chapman, R., Nosek, M., Peterson, S., Yilmaz, Z., & Ysasi, N. (2018). Disability-related counseling competencies. American Rehabilitation Counseling Association Task Force on Competencies for Counseling Persons with Disabilities. https://bit.ly/ARCA2018 Conover, K. J., & Israel, T. (2019). Microaggressions and social support among sexual minorities with physical disabilities. Rehabilitation Psychology, 64(2), 167–178. https://doi.org/10.1037/rep0000250 Conover, K. J., Israel, T., & Nylund-Gibson, K. (2017a). Development and validation of the Ableist Microaggressions Scale. The Counseling Psychologist, 45(4), 570–599. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000017715317 Conover, K. J., Israel, T., & Nylund-Gibson, K. (2017b). Ableist Microaggressions Scale [Database record]. APA PsycTESTS. https://doi.org/10.1037/t64519-000 Cook, J. M., Skaistis, S. M., Borden, S., & Nair, D. (2020). Inquiring about client cultural identities: A content analysis of intake paperwork. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 42(3), 220–233. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.42.3.03
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