TPCJournal-Volume13-Issue4-FULL

446 The Professional Counselor | Volume 13, Issue 4 Morsy, L., & Rothstein, R. (2019, May). Toxic stress and children’s outcomes: African American children growing up poor are at greater risk of disrupted physiological functioning and depressed academic achievement. Economic Policy Institute. https://bit.ly/3HHz5nM Mouzon, D. M., & McLean, J. S. (2017). Internalized racism and mental health among African-Americans, USborn Caribbean Blacks, and foreign-born Caribbean Blacks. Ethnicity & Health, 22(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2016.1196652 Mrug, S., King, V., & Windle, M. (2016). Brief report: Explaining differences in depressive symptoms between African American and European American adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 46(1), 25–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.10.017 National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2020, July). Drugs, brains, and behavior: The science of addiction: Drug misuse and addiction. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugs-brains-behavior-science-addiction/drugmisuse-addiction Patrick, M. E., Schulenberg, J. E., O’Malley, P. M., Maggs, J. L., Kloska, D. D., Johnston, L. D., & Bachman, J. G. (2011). Age-related changes in reasons for using alcohol and marijuana from ages 18 to 30 in a national sample. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25(2), 330–339. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022445 Pickard, H. (2017). Responsibility without blame for addiction. Neuroethics, 10, 169–180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-016-9295-2 Puhan, M. A., Akl, E. A., Bryant, D., Xie, F., Apolone, G., & ter Riet, G. (2012). Discussing study limitations in reports of biomedical studies—the need for more transparency. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 10(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-10-23 Puzzanchera, C. (2021). Juvenile arrests, 2019. Juvenile Justice Statistics. Bulletin. U.S. Department of Justice, OJP, National Institute of Justice. https://nij.ojp.gov/library/publications/juvenile-arrests-2019 Puzzanchera, C., Hockenberry, S., & Sickmund, M. (2022, December). Youth and the juvenile justice system: 2022 national report. National Center for Juvenile Justice. https://ojjdp.ojp.gov/publications/2022-national-report.pdf Ratts, M. J., Singh, A. A., Nassar‐McMillan, S., Butler, S. K., & McCullough, J. R. (2015). Multicultural and social justice counseling competencies: Guidelines for the counseling profession. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 44(1), 28–48. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmcd.12035 Ren, C. (2022). Cohort, signaling, and early-career dynamics: The hidden significance of class in Black-White earnings inequality. Social Science Research, 106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2022.102710 Rovner, J. (2023, December 12). Black disparities in youth incarceration. The Sentencing Project. https://www.sentencingproject.org/fact-sheet/black-disparities-in-youth-incarceration/ Rutgers University. (2019, March 21). African Americans more likely to be misdiagnosed with schizophrenia, study finds. ScienceDaily. https://sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/03/190321130300.htm Saleem, F. T., Anderson, R. E., & Williams, M. (2020). Addressing the “myth” of racial trauma: Developmental and ecological considerations for youth of color. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 23, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-019-00304-1 Sanders, M., Winston, J., & Rochester, S. E. (2023). Most Black children live in neighborhoods that lack amenities associated with child well-being. Child Trends. https://www.childtrends.org/blog/most-blackchildren-live-in-neighborhoods-that-lack-amenities-associated-with-child-well-being Scharff, D. P., Mathews, K. J., Jackson, P., Hoffsuemmer, J., Martin, E., & Edwards, D. (2010). More than Tuskegee: Understanding mistrust about research participation. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 21(3), 879–897. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.0.0323 Schwartz, R. C., & Blankenship, D. M. (2014). Racial disparities in psychotic disorder diagnosis: A review of empirical literature. World Journal of Psychiatry, 4(4), 133–140. Sheehan, B. E., Grucza, R. A., & Plunk, A. D. (2021, October). Association of racial disparity of cannabis possession arrests among adults and youths with statewide cannabis decriminalization and legalization. JAMA Health Forum, 2(10). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2021.3435 Stone, D. M., Mack, K. A., & Qualters, J. (2023). Notes from the field: Recent changes in suicide rates, by race and ethnicity and age group—United States, 2021. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 72(6), 160–162. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7206a4

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