70 The Professional Counselor | Volume 14, Issue 1 We began analysis by piloting 10% of the data (n = 9) using the initial codebook (Boyatzis, 1998). Two researchers (first and third authors Jennifer M. Cook and Lee Za Ong) coded data independently and then worked together to reach consensus. Once the pilot analysis was complete, we coded the remaining data and recoded pilot data to ensure they fit the revised coding frame. After all data were coded, we further coded the data that were assigned to Other Data using in vivo codes to establish codes that best captured the data. We identified five codes within Other Data: Contextual Factors, Impact of Microaggressions/Ableism on Mental Health/Wellness, Microaggression Experiences Are Different Depending on Visibility of Disability, Internalized Ableism, and Microaggressions Include Identities Other Than Disability. Trustworthiness Cook and Ong coded all data independently and then met to reach consensus. Prior to coding commencement, we identified our beliefs and potential biases about the data and discussed how they might impact coding; we continued these conversations throughout analysis. For the pilot coding phase, independent coder agreement prior to consensus was 40%. Independent coder agreement prior to consensus during regular coding was 56%, and 69% for Other Data independent coding. We reached consensus for all coded data through a team meetings consensus process (Boyatzis, 1998). Finally, we utilized an auditor (Deroche). Deroche reviewed all consensus findings during all analysis stages. The coding team met with the auditor to resolve questions and discrepancies, such as a few instances in which data were misassigned to a code. Research Team The research team comprised three cisgender women between the ages of 45 and 55 who are all licensed professional counselors and work as counselor educators. Cook and Deroche identify as White and hold PhDs in counselor education, while Ong holds a PhD in rehabilitation psychology and is Asian American of Chinese descent and an immigrant from Malaysia. Deroche identifies as a person with a disability, Deroche and Ong have worked extensively with PWD, and all three authors have conducted research about PWD. Cook has abundant publications in qualitative research designs related to multicultural counseling. Finally, all three authors have extensive research training and experience in qualitative and quantitative research designs. Findings The findings described below are organized into two categories: findings that align with the AMS subscales and unique findings that are independent of the AMS subscales. Themes are listed in their appropriate category with participants’ quotes to illustrate and substantiate each theme (see Table 2). When we provide participant quotes, we refer to them by their randomly assigned participant numbers (e.g., P105, P109). Category 1: Findings That Align With the AMS Subscales Our analysis revealed that the AMS a priori codes fit the study data. As such, the codes were transitioned to themes: Minimization (n = 35), Denial of Personhood (n = 26), Otherization (n = 17), and Helplessness (n = 16). The quotes selected for each theme illustrate the lived experiences of the theme definitions and add context and nuance about the impact of ableist microaggressions.
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