The Professional Counselor | Volume 14, Issue 2 201 Account Executive launched a national sampling procedure (stratified by the U.S. Census Bureau [2022] data for gender, age, ethnoracial identity, and geographic location) among adults living in the United States. The present study included two eligibility criteria. First, prospective participants had to be 18 years old or older. Second, they had to be permanent residents of the United States at the time of data collection. The team of Qualtrics analysts completed a quality check on the data by identifying and removing random response patterns, speeders, and unrealistic answers. A raw sample of N = 850 responses was collected. Seven cases were removed due to > 20% missing data. Little’s Missing Completely at Random (MCAR) test revealed that the data could be treated as MCAR (X2 [428] = 454.736, p = .179); expectation maximization was used to impute missing values. Skewness and kurtosis values were consistent with a normal distribution, standardized z-scores showed zero univariate outliers (z > 3.29), and Mahalanobis distances exhibited zero multivariate outliers, yielding a final sample of N = 840. Participants (N = 840) ranged in age from 18 to 90 (M = 48; SD = 18). For gender identity, 52.0% (n = 437) self-identified as female, 46.7% (n = 392) male, 0.5% (n = 4) transgender, 0.4% (n = 3) nonbinary, and 0.5% (n = 4) preferred not to answer. For ethnoracial identity, 1.0% (n = 8) self-identified as American Indian or Alaska Native; 10.0% (n = 88) Asian or Asian American; 11.5% (n = 97) Black or African American; 14.2% (n = 119) Hispanic, Latinx, or Spanish origin; 1.4% (n = 12) Multiethnic; 0.1% (n = 1) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; 58.2% (n = 489) White or European American; 1.1% (n = 9) another race, ethnicity, or origin; 1.8% (n = 15) preferred not to answer; and 0.2% (n = 2) did not specify their ethnicity. For highest level of education, 37.5% (n = 315) reported high school degree, 16.8% (n = 141) associate degree, 27.3% (n = 229) bachelor’s degree, 12.9% (n = 108) master’s degree, 2.6% (n = 22) doctoral degree, 2.3% (n = 19) preferred not to answer, and 0.7% (n = 6) did not specify their level of education. For help-seeking history, 67.3% (n = 565) reported help-seeking history, 31.1% (n = 267) had no help-seeking history, and 1.7% (n = 14) did not specify their help-seeking history. For income, 27.7% (n = 233) self-identified as below the poverty line, 63.5% (n = 533) above the poverty line, and 8.8% (n = 74) did not specify their income. Measures Participants indicated their voluntary informed consent and confirmed that they met the inclusion criteria for participation, at least 18 years old and living in the United States. Next, respondents completed a demographic questionnaire, which included self-report items on age, gender identity, ethnoracial identity, help-seeking history, geographic location, income, and the number of people living in their household. Lastly, participants completed a battery of four screening tools. Inner Wealth Inventory The IWI is a screening tool for measuring IW, a growing, accruing, and deepening sense of internal enrichment, which can be enhanced by external recognitions, that empowers a person to navigate the world in relation to one’s unfolding of who they really are as a person who is meaningful, valued, and who has great things to contribute by being simply true to oneself. (Bennett et al., 2023, p. 123) Participants respond to declarative statements on the following Likert scale: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Not Sure, 4 = Agree, or 5 = Strongly Agree. Bennett et al. (2023) validated scores on both a unidimensional and a two-dimensional IWI model via internal structure validity (EFA and CFA) and convergent validity testing with two large samples of child welfare professionals.
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