202 The Professional Counselor | Volume 14, Issue 2 The unidimensional version of the IWI is comprised of 13 items, which collectively measure general IW (example item: “I believe I have the power to make positive changes in my day to day life.”). The two-factor version of the IWI includes the 13 items from the unidimensional version plus seven additional items. The first subscale of the two-dimensional model, Internal IW, is comprised of 15 items that appraise intrapersonal elements of IW (example item: “I know how to calm myself down when I am upset.”). The second subscale, External IW, consists of five items, which measure interpersonal components of IW (example item: “I feel comfortable in social situations.”). Bennett et al. (2023) found strong internal consistency reliability evidence for child welfare professionals’ IWI scores on the unidimensional version (α = .90, ω = .90) and the Internal IWI scale (α = .91, ω = .91) of the two-dimensional model. Questionable-to-acceptable internal consistency reliability evidence of scores emerged for the External IWI scale (α = .67, ω = .65). Consistent with the results of Bennett et al. (2023), we found strong internal consistency reliability evidence of scores with the current sample of adults in the United States on the unidimensional IWI version (α = .942, 95% CI [.935, .948]; ω =. 942, 95% CI [.935, .949]) and the Inner IW subscale (α = .947, 95% CI [.940, .953]; ω =. 947, 95% CI [.941, .953]) and questionable-to-acceptable internal consistency reliability evidence of scores on the External IWI subscale (α = .684, 95% CI [.640, .722]; ω =. 645, 95% CI [.571, .701]). Mental Health Inventory-5 The Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5) is a screening tool for measuring general mental health in adults (Berwick et al., 1991). Participants respond to five different items concerning their mental health in the past month on the following scale: none of the time, a little of the time, some of the time, a good bit of the time, most of the time, and all of the time (Berwick et al., 1991). Past investigators found both internal structure (Rivera-Riquelme et al., 2019) and criterion validity evidence (Yamazaki et al., 2005) of MHI-5 scores. Multiple researchers also found satisfactory internal consistency reliability of MHI-5 scores including Rivera-Riquelme et al. (2019; α = .71, ω = .78) as well as Marques et al. (2011; α = .82). In the present study, we found acceptable internal consistency reliability evidence of MHI-5 scores (α = .841, 95% CI [.819, .860]; ω =. 833, 95% CI [.805, .856]). Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) is a self-report instrument used for measuring the severity of generalized anxiety disorder symptoms (Spitzer et al., 2006). Each of the seven items ask how often in the last two weeks were participants bothered by different symptoms of anxiety, for example, “feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge” and “being so restless that it is hard to sit still.” Participants respond to each item on a response scale ranging from 0 (not at all), 1 (several days), 2 (more than half the days), or 3 (nearly every day). A number of past investigators (e.g., Dhira et al., 2021; Omani-Samani et al., 2018) found construct validity evidence for GAD-7 scores. Scores on the GAD-7 displayed moderate to strong internal consistency reliability estimates, including α = .91 (Seo & Park, 2015), α = .89 (Dhira et al., 2021), and α = .85 (Rutter & Brown, 2017). Among the sample of U.S. adults in the present study, strong internal consistency reliability estimates of GAD-7 scores emerged (α = .933, 95% CI [.925, .941]; ω = .933, 95% CI [.924, .940]). Patient Health Questionnaire-9 The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a self-report instrument used to assess various depressive symptoms and their severity (Kroenke et al., 2001). Within the PHQ-9, individuals respond to the following prompt: “Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by any of the following problems” with order responses ranging from 0 = not at all, 1= several days, 2 = more than half the days, or 3 = nearly every day (Kroenke et al., 2001). The PHQ-9 consists of nine items (example item:
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