The Professional Counselor | Volume 14, Issue 3 278 consistency of α = .86 in her assessment of reliability. In this study, the Cronbach alphas for the relationship satisfaction at each data collection period were .86, .92, and .96 with 95% CIs [.66, .91], [.86, .96], and [.92, .98], showing good internal consistency and reliability. The omega coefficients for relationship satisfaction for this study were .81, .92, and .96 with 95% CIs [.66, .91], [.86, .96], and [.92, .98]. Mindful Attention Awareness Scale The MAAS (Bishop et al., 2004) is a 15-item self-report instrument assessing dispositional mindfulness. Participants rate items on a 6-point scale, measuring how frequently they experience mindfulness-related behaviors. Higher scores indicate greater dispositional mindfulness. The MAAS does not have subscales. High scores on the MAAS correlate positively with self-consciousness, positive affect, self-esteem, and optimism and correlate negatively with anxiety, depression, and negative affect (Phang et al., 2016). Dispositional mindfulness, as measured by the MAAS, reflects a general tendency to be more aware and attentive in everyday life (Bishop et al., 2004). Examples of items include “I find myself preoccupied with the future or the past” and “I find myself doing things without paying attention.” The instrument yields a mean score by averaging responses across all items. Internal consistency estimates (Cronbach’s alpha) for the MAAS in adult samples consistently exceed .80 (K. W. Brown & Ryan, 2003). Additionally, Duffy et al. (2022) demonstrated the MAAS’s reliability and validity in measuring mindfulness in veterans with PTSD. Cronbach’s alphas for the mindfulness trait in this study were .89, .84, and .90 with 95% CIs [.81, .95], [.73, .92], and [.84, .95] across data collection periods, indicating strong internal consistency. The omega coefficients for mindfulness for this study were .89, .84, and .90 with 95% CIs [.81, .95], [.73, .92], and [.84, .95]. Data Analysis Procedure Morris used the IBM SPSS Version 28 software package to analyze the data for this study. To examine if the MBSP group intervention (i.e., treatment condition) had any effect on the three dependent variables (i.e., relationship satisfaction, dispositional [trait] mindfulness, and well-being) over time, Morris analyzed the data using repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA). Data was entered on an Excel spreadsheet from Qualtrics and exported to SPSS for a series of repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) models to include non-parametric tests such as the Friedman test. The Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationships between the gain scores for relationship satisfaction, mindfulness, and overall well-being. The researcher checked for RM-ANOVA assumptions including (a) multivariate and univariate normality, (b) linearity, (c) multicollinearity, and (d) adequate sample size (Hahs-Vaughn & Lomax, 2020). Results Examining the effectiveness of the MBSP program on relationship satisfaction, dispositional trait mindfulness, and well-being, an analysis was conducted and revealed there was a positive relationship between relationship satisfaction, mindfulness, and well-being. Further analysis was provided through a one-way ANOVA repeated measure, and a Friedman test (a non-parametric) for the identified variables and assessment scores. A Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was computed to examine gain scores between dependent variables. Table 2 provides descriptive results over each time point measured at Week 1 (baseline), Week 4, and Week 8 for relationship satisfaction, mindfulness, and overall well-being.
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