444 The Professional Counselor | Volume 13, Issue 4 Breland-Noble, A. (2023, November 30). State of mental health for youth of color 2022. The AAKOMA Project. www.aakomaproject.org/somhyoc-fullreport Bronfenbrenner, U. (1995). Developmental ecology through space and time: A future perspective. In P. Moen, G. H. Elder, Jr., & K. Lüscher (Eds.), Examining lives in context: Perspectives on the ecology of human development (pp. 619–647). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10176-018 Buckner, J. D., Shah, S. M., Dean, K. E., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2016). Cannabis use frequency and use-related impairment among African-American and White users: The impact of cannabis use motives. Ethnicity & Health, 21(3), 318–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2015.1065311 Bunting, W. C., Garcia, L., & Edwards, E. (2013, June). The war on marijuana in Black and White. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2819708 Camplain, R., Camplain, C., Trotter, R. T., II, Pro, G., Sabo, S., Eaves, E., Peoples, M., & Baldwin, J. A. (2020). Racial/ethnic differences in drug- and alcohol-related arrest outcomes in a southwest county from 2009 to 2018. American Journal of Public Health, 110(S1), S85–S92. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2019.305409 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Table 20: Use of selected substances in the past month among persons aged 12 years and over, by age, sex, and race and Hispanic origin: United States, selected years 2002–2018. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/2019/020-508.pdf Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, July 25). Stigma reduction: Understanding addiction to support recovery. https://bit.ly/3SINhmW Clark, W. A. V. (2007). Race, class, and place: Evaluating mobility outcomes for African Americans. Urban Affairs Review, 42(3), 295–314. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087406292531 Connelly, L. M. (2013). Limitation section. Medsurg Nursing, 22(5), 325, 336. Day-Vines, N. L., Wood, S. M., Grothaus, T., Craigen, L., Holman, A., Dotson-Blake, K., & Douglass, M. J. (2007). Broaching the subjects of race, ethnicity, and culture during the counseling process. Journal of Counseling & Development, 85(4), 401–409. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2007.tb00608.x Del Toro, J., & Wang, M.-T. (2023). Vicarious severe school discipline predicts racial disparities among nondisciplined Black and White American adolescents. Child Development, 94(6), 1762–1778. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13958 Du Bois, W. E. B. (1897, August). Strivings of the Negro people. The Atlantic Monthly. https://www.theatlantic. com/magazine/archive/1897/08/strivings-of-the-negro-people/305446/ Fears, L. M. (1998). Colorism of Black women in news editorial photos. The Western Journal of Black Studies, 22(1), 30–36. Flowe, D. (2021). “Drug-mad Negroes”: African Americans, drug use, and the law in progressive era New York City. The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, 20(4), 503–522. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537781421000384 Gee, G. C., & Ford, C. L. (2011). Structural racism and health inequities: Old issues, new directions. Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race, 8(1), 115–132. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742058X11000130 Goldstein, R. Z., & Volkow, N. D. (2011). Dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex in addiction: Neuroimaging findings and clinical implications. Nature Reviews Neurosciences, 12(11), 652–669. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3119 Green, E. L., Walker, M., & Shapiro, E. (2020, October). A battle for the souls of Black girls. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/01/us/politics/black-girls-school-discipline.html Hall, M. L. (2010). Re-constituting place and space: Culture and communication in the construction of a Jamaican transnational identity. Howard Journal of Communications, 21(2), 119–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/10646171003727425 Harper, S. R. (2021). Black people vs. educational culprits engaged in our systemic mass incarceration in the United States of America. Peabody Journal of Education, 96(5), 582–587. https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956x.2021.1991700 Hemez, P., Brent, J. J., & Mowen, T. J. (2020, July). Exploring the school-to-prison pipeline: How school suspensions influence incarceration during young adulthood. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 18(3), 235–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204019880945 Henderson, Z. (2017). In their own words: How Black teens define trauma. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 12(1), 141–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-017-0168-6
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy NDU5MTM1