TPCJournal-Volume13-Issue4-FULL

The Professional Counselor | Volume 13, Issue 4 445 Heyman, G. M. (2009). Addiction: A disorder of choice. Harvard University Press. Hickman, T. A. (2000). Drugs and race in American culture: Orientalism in the turn-of-the-century discourse of narcotic addiction. American Studies, 41(1), 71–91. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40643117 Jackson, N. J., Isen, J. D., Khoddam, R., Irons, D., Tuvblad, C., Iacono, W. G., McGue, M., Raine, A., & Baker, L. A. (2016). Impact of adolescent marijuana use on intelligence: Results from two longitudinal twin studies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(5), E500–508. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516648113 Johnson, M. E., Lloyd, S. L., Bristol, S. C., Elliott, A. L., & Cottler, L. B. (2022). Black girls and referrals: Racial and gender disparities in self-reported referral to substance use disorder assessment among justiceinvolved children. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-022-00462-6 Johnson, R. (2021). Drug laws and policy. In E. Blanco, R. Johnson, F. Mercado, & C. Ortega (Eds.), Substance use and addiction: How did we get here and how do we recover? Great River Learning. Johnson, R. M., Fleming, C. B., Cambron, C., Dean, L. T., Brighthaupt, S.-C., & Guttmannova, K. (2019). Race/ ethnicity differences in trends of marijuana, cigarette, and alcohol use among 8th, 10th, and 12th graders in Washington State, 2004–2016. Prevention Science, 20(2), 194–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-018-0899-0 Jones, C. M., Clayton, H. B., Deputy, N. P., Roehler, D. R., Ko, J. Y., Esser, M. B., Brookmeyer, K. A., & Hertz, M. F. (2020). Prescription opioid misuse and use of alcohol and other substances among high school students—Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2019. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69, 38–46. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.su6901a5 Kennett, J., & McConnell, D. (2013). Explaining addiction: How far does the reward account of motivation take us? Inquiry, 56(5), 470–489. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020174X.2013.806133 King, V. L., Mrug, S., & Windle, M. (2022). Predictors of motives for marijuana use in African American adolescents and emerging adults. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 21(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332640.2020.1747038 Kocet, M. M., & Herlihy, B. J. (2014). Addressing value-based conflicts within the counseling relationship: A decision-making model. Journal of Counseling & Development, 92(2), 180–186. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2014.00146.x Lanza, S. T., Vasilenko, S. A., Dziak, J. J., & Butera, N. M. (2015). Trends among U.S. high school seniors in recent marijuana use and associations with other substances: 1976–2013. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(2), 198–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.04.006 Lee, M. H., Kim-Godwin, Y. S., & Hur, H. (2021). Race/ethnicity differences in risk and protective factors for marijuana use among U.S. adolescents. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1167. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11159-z Levine, A., Clemenza, K., Rynn, M., & Lieberman, J. (2017). Evidence for the risks and consequences of adolescent cannabis exposure. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(3), 214–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.12.014 Lindsey, M. A., Sheftall, A. H., Xiao, Y., & Joe, S. (2019). Trends of suicidal behaviors among high school students in the United States: 1991–2017. Pediatrics, 144(5). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-1187 LoBianco, T. (2016, March). Report: Aide says Nixon’s war on drugs targeted blacks, hippies. CNN. www.cnn.com/2016/03/23/politics/john-ehrlichman-richard-nixon-drug-war-blacks-hippie/index.html Marie, T., & Watson, K. (2020). Remembering an apocalyptic education: Revealing life beneath the waves of Black being. Root Work Journal, 1(1), 14–48. https://doi.org/10.47106/4rwj.11.02181931 McElrath, K., Taylor, A., & Tran, K. K. (2016). Black–White disparities in criminal justice referrals to drug treatment: Addressing treatment need or expanding the diagnostic net? Behavioral Science, 6(4), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs6040021 Miech, R. A., Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., Schulenberg, J. E., & Patrick, M. E. (2017). Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975–2016: Volume I, secondary school students. University of Michigan Institute for Social Research. https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/139711

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